Thoracentesis
Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid from the space between the lining of the outside of the lungs (pleura) and the wall of the chest. Normally, very little fluid is present in this space. An accumulation of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura is called a pleural effusion. Possible causes for this include infection and cancer. The test is performed to determine the cause of the fluid accumulation or to relieve the symptoms, usually shortness of breath, associated with the fluid accumulation.
Preparation
There is no preparation for this test but you may have a blood test just prior to the procedure to evaluate your blood’s ability to form a clot. You will be asked to sign a consent form.
Procedure
For testing, you will sit on a bed or an exam table with your head and arms resting on another table. A small area on your back over your ribs will be cleansed and injected with a numbing medicine (anesthetic). The anesthetic may sting or burn when first injected. A needle is then inserted between two ribs into the pleural space and fluid is removed. You may experience a pressure sensation when the needle is inserted but this is usually brief.
The needle is then removed and a bandage is placed over the needle site.
Keep the bandage on and dry for the next 24 hours. You may take Tylenol or Advil at home if you feel pain after the anesthetic wears off.
A chest x-ray is often done after the procedure to detect possible complications. The procedure typically takes 30-60 minutes to perform.